Understanding edema: What it is and when to seek care
Edema is the medical term for swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues. Kevin Hayes, D.O., chief of cardiology at HCA Florida Memorial Hospital, explains that it most commonly affects the feet, ankles and legs but it can also appear in the hands, abdomen or face.
While mild cases may resolve on their own, persistent or worsening edema can signal a more serious health issue, especially in people with chronic heart, kidney or liver disease.
Common causes of edema
Edema can stem from a variety of factors, including:
- High sodium intake
- Prolonged sun exposure
- Heart failure
- Kidney disease
- Liver cirrhosis
- Pregnancy
- Disruption of the lymphatic system (e.g., after mastectomy)
- Certain medications
- Standing or walking for long periods in hot weather
Signs and symptoms to watch for
Pay attention to these signs of edema:
- Skin that looks stretched, shiny or discolored
- Tightness or discomfort in the affected area
- Shoes or socks that suddenly feel snug
- Heaviness or stiffness in the legs or feet
- Limited movement in the ankles or toes
- Pain or tenderness when touched
- Difficulty walking
- Sudden overnight weight gain of 2 to 3 pounds
- Skin that dimples or “pits” when pressed (pitting edema)
What is pitting edema?
Pitting edema occurs when pressing on a swollen area leaves a visible dent that lingers. This is a common way healthcare providers assess fluid retention. If you notice this symptom, it’s a good idea to consult your doctor.
Daily tips to help prevent edema
Swelling may be less noticeable in the morning, as fluid redistributes while you sleep. To help reduce daytime swelling:
- Take medications exactly as prescribed
- Stay active: Avoid sitting or standing for long periods
- Elevate your feet when resting
- Limit salt in your diet
- Wear compression stockings if recommended
When to seek emergency care
Some symptoms related to fluid buildup require immediate medical attention. Seek emergency care if you experience:
- Fainting or loss of consciousness
- Sudden shortness of breath, especially at rest
- New chest pain lasting more than 10 minutes
If you’re unsure about your symptoms or what to do next, no need to google. Get trusted guidance 24/7 by calling HCA Florida Healthcare’s Consult-A-Nurse® line at 844-70-NURSE (844-706-8773).