Understanding back pain: 3 signs it’s time to see a doctor
Back pain is a common problem — about 80 percent of people experience it at some point in their lives. While many cases result from overworked muscles or minor strains, some types of back pain may signal an underlying medical condition that requires prompt attention.
If you’re feeling shooting pain down your leg, numbness in your toes or weakness in your limbs, it’s time to talk to a doctor.
Common causes of back pain
Most back pain is caused by muscle strains. Even minor movements, such as lifting something incorrectly, twisting too far or carrying heavy objects, can lead to discomfort or injury. Most cases resolve naturally within a few days to a few weeks.
For relief, rest, ice or heat therapy and over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage symptoms. However, if your pain persists, worsens or begins to disrupt your daily routine, it’s best to seek medical care to rule out underlying issues and get appropriate treatment.
When to seek emergency care for back pain
If you experience any of the following symptoms along with back pain, seek immediate medical attention:
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
- Sudden or severe headaches
- Weakness, numbness or tingling in your arms or legs
- Vision disturbances
- Confusion or difficulty walking
These symptoms may indicate nerve compression, a serious spinal condition or another urgent medical issue requiring prompt care.
Back pain with leg pain and weakness
Pain that starts in your lower back and radiates down one or both legs may indicate sciatica, often caused by a herniated disc or spinal stenosis. These conditions narrow the space around spinal nerves, resulting in inflammation and pain.
Sciatica pain can vary from dull to severe and may worsen when coughing or sneezing. Herniated discs typically affect one side of the body, whereas spinal stenosis can cause discomfort in both legs, particularly when standing or walking. Bending forward or sitting may provide temporary relief.
Most cases improve within six to eight weeks with conservative treatment. However, if pain lasts longer than a week, worsens or is accompanied by weakness or incontinence, contact your doctor.
Diagnosis and treatment options
If symptoms persist, your doctor may recommend further evaluation. Diagnosis may include a physical exam and imaging tests, such as X-rays or an MRI. Treatment may involve:
- Ice or heat therapy
- Over-the-counter or prescription medications
- Physical therapy
- Steroid injections
- Surgery (in severe cases)
Back pain with bladder or bowel changes
If you have back pain along with difficulty urinating or loss of bladder or bowel control, seek immediate care. These symptoms may indicate cauda equina syndrome, a serious condition caused by compressed nerves in the lower spine. If not treated quickly, it can lead to permanent nerve damage.
Back stiffness and spinal arthritis
If you wake up with a stiff back that doesn’t improve with movement, spinal arthritis could be the cause. Most types of arthritis — osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis—lead to pain and stiffness that worsen after periods of rest, such as sleeping.
While any part of the spine can be affected, the lower back (lumbar region) is most commonly impacted. Left untreated, spinal arthritis can lead to severe pain, stiffness and reduced mobility.
A doctor can diagnose spinal arthritis through a physical exam and X-rays. Treatment typically includes pain medication and physical therapy. In rare cases, surgery may be needed.
Get expert back pain care at HCA Florida Healthcare
If you’re living with back pain, don’t wait for it to get worse. HCA Florida Healthcare offers expert diagnosis and treatment for a wide range of spine and nerve conditions.
Find a physician near you or call our Consult-A-Nurse® line at (844) 70-NURSE (or 844-706-8773) to speak with a licensed nurse for free, 24/7, and get trusted advice or a referral.